Peptic Ulcer Disease (Gastric & Duodenal Ulcer)

PUD:
The term peptic ulcer disease refers to  ulceration in any part in the gastro-intestinal tract due to imbalance of acid pepsin digestion of the gastro-intestinal tract.

Male are more sufferer than female.

Causes of PUD:

1. Middle aged between 25-30 years
2. Helicobacter pylori infection
3.Drugs- NSAIDs( aspirin, diclofenac etc.)
5. Smoking
6.Alcohol
7. Irregular meal, inadequate mastication

Clical feature

1. Burning pain before or after meal
2. Vomiting may be present or absent
3. Pain is periodic

4. Appetite incresasd in duodenal ulcer and lost in gastric ulcer

Treatment

Genaral

1. Avoid smoking
2. Avoid alcohol
3. Regular and timely diet
4. Avoid spicy and fatty food
5.Tea/coffee in moderate amount

Specific treatment

1. H2 antagonist- ranitidine 
2. Proton pump inhibitor- Omeprazole
3. Atibiotic- Amoxycillin, Metronidazole, Clarithromycin

Hypertension

Hypertension:

It means raising of blood pressure.  When blood pressure 140/90 mm of Hg or more at the 2 or 3 consequetive measurement at  2/3 weeks intervel more than age of 18 years then it is called hypertension.

Caiuse:

primary or essential hypertention:
more than 95% are this type hypertension. The cause unknown. but some factor influence in primary hypertension.

Secondary Hypertension: 

1.Alcohol drinking
2.Obesity
3.Pregnency
4. Renal causes-  renal artery stenosis, polysistic kidney disease.
5. Endocrine causes- Cushing syndrome, pheochromocytoma, conn's disease, hyper-parathyroidism, thyrotoxicosis.
6.Drugs- oral contraceptive pill, corticosteroid, NSAIDs etc.

Clinical feature

1. Mostly asymptomatic
2.Headache
3.Dizziness
4. Insomnia
5. Palpitation
6. Polyuria
7. Epistaxis, haematuria
8. Blurring of vision
9. Flushing

Investigation

1. Blood pressure- 2/3 times at least 2 weeks interval in suspected cases.
2. Urine examination-  to detect blood, protein, glucose
3. Blood urea
4. serum cholesterol and LDH
5.ECG

Management

Drugs: According to Physian prescribtion

*****ADVICE******

It is very important. Everybody should follow this
1.Restricted salt in later age
2. Avoid fatty food such as fast food
3. Avoid alcohol drinking
4. Avoid smoking
5. Regular exercise
6. Weight reduction

Dengue Fever

Dengue: 

It is a mosquito born infection which is caused by dengue virus. It is  transmitted by infected Aedes mosquito. When infected female Aedes mosquito bite Human then the disease occur. It is more common in Urban then rural area and it commonly occur in rainy reason.

Incubation period: 2-7 days after biting by infected mosquito.

Manifestation of Dengue: 

1. sudden rise of temparatue
2.Headache
3.Sever muscle pain and joint pain
4. maculo-papular rash in the body.

In case of Dengue haemorrhagic fever
1. There may be bleeding manifestation - gum bleeding, bleeding through nose, excessive menstrual bleeding etc.

Management of a dengue  patient

1. taking plenty of fluid
2. Bed rest
3. paracitamol for fever
4.if bleeding then platelet transfusion

prevention

1. Environment: Environment should be cleaned up, remove water holding containers such asdiscarded tin, empty pots, broken bottles,  coconut and other material where there may be chance of collection of water.
2.Residual spray
3. Personal protection- Use of mosquito

How you prevent Acne of your face

Acne vulgaris:
Inflammaation of the pilo-sebecous gland characterized by comedon, papule, nodule, pastule and scar on the skin common on face.

site:
Face{most common}, neck, upper chest, upper back.

Age:
It is most common among the teenagers(13-19 years,  but it may occur upto 20-30 years.

Treatment

General:

1. avoid pinching
2. Regular cleaning the face by water or soap

Specific

Local Cream

1. Tretinoin and isotretinoin
2. Clindamycin lotion
3. Erythromycin lotion

Systemic

1. Tetracyclin 250 mg 6 hourly for 6 month to 1 year
2. doxycycline 100mg one tablet daily for 3-6 months
3. Erythromycin 250 mg one tablet 6 hourly

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

Urinary tract infection is the most common bacterial infection. Most sufferer age around 20 years and newly married women. UTI in male is uncommon.

Organism

1. E.coli (most common)

2. proteus

3. pseudomonas 

4. streptococcus

5.  staphylococcus

Clinical feature

1. sudden onset of frequency of micturation,

2. burning sensation of micturation

3. pain in pubic region during and after urination

4. intense desire to pass more urine after urination

5. urine may be cloudy and unpleasant odour

6. may be visibe blood urine or microscopic haematuria,

7. pain in back or kidney region.

INVESTIGATIONS

1. Urine fore routine and microscopical examination

2. Culture and sensitivity of urine

3. X-ray of KUB region for stone

4. USG

Management

General

1. Please take plenty of fluid

2. Fresh fruits

Specific

1. Ciprofloxacin 500 mg times a day for 7- 10 days

Or

2. Co-amoxiclav 250/125 mg 3 times for 7-10 days.

Or

3. Cefuroxime 250mg twice daily for 7-10 days.

How you prevent Eye strain during computer working

Eye stain or eyeache  is the common problem of the new world because the users of computer increasing day by day. we have to work  infront of computer for long period of time. it may cause many problems in eye.

Symptoms of eye strain during work on computer
1. watering from eye
2. feeling tiredness on eye
3. blurring on vision
4. Headache and pain in eye
5.dryness on eye
6. Difficulty in performing visual task
7. Double vision etc.
Prevention
1.Enlarge text size during reading by magnifying text
2. Break on working- You should break your computer work at least 20 seconds after 20 minute interval
3.Re-position your monitor - Your monitor should be keep below the eye level, it prevents dryness of eye.
4.  You should be relax during working
5. Adjust monitor brightness and contrast setting
6. Adjust other light of room
7. wear sunglass to enter unwanted light into eye

 Follow these and keep your  eye healthy.

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Cervix Cancer

it is a common cancer of developing countries. it occurs in sexually active women. age around 35(peak) and 55 years.
Risk factors
1. intercourse at an early age
2.multiple sex partners
3.Intercourse with a male having multiple  sexual partners
4.OCPs
5.Cigarette smoking
6. Low socio-economic condition
7. Genital infections
8.Lack of circumcision of male partners
9. HPV infection (papilloma virus)
10. Immunocompromizatiom
11. If pre-malignent condition of cervix

Symtoms
1. may be asymptomatic
2. but usually irregular per vaginal bleeding often post coital bleeding
3. Creamy white, foul smelling discharge
3. irregular cyclic bleeding
5complication symptoms-- renal failure, pelvic pain, backache, painfull micturation, difficulty in defecation etc.
6. general symptoms-- anorexia, weakness, loss of weight

Investigation

1. cytology
2. schiller test
3.colonoscopy guided biopsy
4.pap's smear

TREATMENT

General

1. improvement of nutrition
2.correction of anaenia
3. control of infection

Specific

it depends on staging.
in early stage hysterectomy is done and late stage radiotherapy and chemotherapy is given.

Advice

Every women do pap's smear in every year for early detection

How can you prevent Gonorrhoea

It is a common disorder of people having multiple sexual partner. It is occurs when a person do sex with infected person without using barrier. It is caused by the neisseria gonorrhae organism.  Symptoms are seen within 3-6 days after unprotected sex. The initial symptoms are
male
1.painfull burning micturation
2. frequency of urination is increased
3. mucoid/ purulent dicharge
4. urethral meatus is painfull

in case of female
1.profuse vaginal discharge
2. painfull micturation
3. pain in the pelvic region
If the symptoms are seen then you should contact with doctor for investigation

treatment
Penicillin is the drug of choice
dose- ampicillin 2-3.5 gm orally and probencid one gm orally single dose
or
ceftriaxone 500mg IM stat

How you prevent gonorrhoea
1.avoid multiple sex partner
2. using condom during intercourse

How you free from peptic ulcer

Peptic ulcer is the most common disease in the world. Number of sufferer of this disease increasing day by day. It happens for many reason, most probable cause is helicobacter pylori infection in stomach. besides fortification of food, there is a lack of dietery fiber. Another causes are smoking , alcohol drinking, spicy food taking, irregular meal, anxiety play role to cause it.
Hurt burn pain in epigastric area before or after meal is the common symtoms. To relieve it there are some drugs such as proton pump inhibitor, H2 blocker antacid. You should one per day for three months or doctor advice.  In case of  uncontrolled gastric ulcer there is a chance of gastric carcinoma, in case of duodenum ulcer there is a chance of pyloric stenosis, perforation of the ulcer.
To avoid the this disease, you should not take alcohol, don't smoke, eating regularly, avoid spicy food, fortified food such as fast food and eat more and more fruits and vegetables.

Smoking Effect on Health

Smoking is a  bad habit. It is a harmful effect on human body. It is responsible for causing many disease. It causes lung cancer, chronic obstuctive pulmonery disease, burgers disease. So keep away from smooking.