Peptic Ulcer Disease (Gastric & Duodenal Ulcer)

PUD:
The term peptic ulcer disease refers to  ulceration in any part in the gastro-intestinal tract due to imbalance of acid pepsin digestion of the gastro-intestinal tract.

Male are more sufferer than female.

Causes of PUD:

1. Middle aged between 25-30 years
2. Helicobacter pylori infection
3.Drugs- NSAIDs( aspirin, diclofenac etc.)
5. Smoking
6.Alcohol
7. Irregular meal, inadequate mastication

Clical feature

1. Burning pain before or after meal
2. Vomiting may be present or absent
3. Pain is periodic

4. Appetite incresasd in duodenal ulcer and lost in gastric ulcer

Treatment

Genaral

1. Avoid smoking
2. Avoid alcohol
3. Regular and timely diet
4. Avoid spicy and fatty food
5.Tea/coffee in moderate amount

Specific treatment

1. H2 antagonist- ranitidine 
2. Proton pump inhibitor- Omeprazole
3. Atibiotic- Amoxycillin, Metronidazole, Clarithromycin

Hypertension

Hypertension:

It means raising of blood pressure.  When blood pressure 140/90 mm of Hg or more at the 2 or 3 consequetive measurement at  2/3 weeks intervel more than age of 18 years then it is called hypertension.

Caiuse:

primary or essential hypertention:
more than 95% are this type hypertension. The cause unknown. but some factor influence in primary hypertension.

Secondary Hypertension: 

1.Alcohol drinking
2.Obesity
3.Pregnency
4. Renal causes-  renal artery stenosis, polysistic kidney disease.
5. Endocrine causes- Cushing syndrome, pheochromocytoma, conn's disease, hyper-parathyroidism, thyrotoxicosis.
6.Drugs- oral contraceptive pill, corticosteroid, NSAIDs etc.

Clinical feature

1. Mostly asymptomatic
2.Headache
3.Dizziness
4. Insomnia
5. Palpitation
6. Polyuria
7. Epistaxis, haematuria
8. Blurring of vision
9. Flushing

Investigation

1. Blood pressure- 2/3 times at least 2 weeks interval in suspected cases.
2. Urine examination-  to detect blood, protein, glucose
3. Blood urea
4. serum cholesterol and LDH
5.ECG

Management

Drugs: According to Physian prescribtion

*****ADVICE******

It is very important. Everybody should follow this
1.Restricted salt in later age
2. Avoid fatty food such as fast food
3. Avoid alcohol drinking
4. Avoid smoking
5. Regular exercise
6. Weight reduction

Dengue Fever

Dengue: 

It is a mosquito born infection which is caused by dengue virus. It is  transmitted by infected Aedes mosquito. When infected female Aedes mosquito bite Human then the disease occur. It is more common in Urban then rural area and it commonly occur in rainy reason.

Incubation period: 2-7 days after biting by infected mosquito.

Manifestation of Dengue: 

1. sudden rise of temparatue
2.Headache
3.Sever muscle pain and joint pain
4. maculo-papular rash in the body.

In case of Dengue haemorrhagic fever
1. There may be bleeding manifestation - gum bleeding, bleeding through nose, excessive menstrual bleeding etc.

Management of a dengue  patient

1. taking plenty of fluid
2. Bed rest
3. paracitamol for fever
4.if bleeding then platelet transfusion

prevention

1. Environment: Environment should be cleaned up, remove water holding containers such asdiscarded tin, empty pots, broken bottles,  coconut and other material where there may be chance of collection of water.
2.Residual spray
3. Personal protection- Use of mosquito

How you prevent Acne of your face

Acne vulgaris:
Inflammaation of the pilo-sebecous gland characterized by comedon, papule, nodule, pastule and scar on the skin common on face.

site:
Face{most common}, neck, upper chest, upper back.

Age:
It is most common among the teenagers(13-19 years,  but it may occur upto 20-30 years.

Treatment

General:

1. avoid pinching
2. Regular cleaning the face by water or soap

Specific

Local Cream

1. Tretinoin and isotretinoin
2. Clindamycin lotion
3. Erythromycin lotion

Systemic

1. Tetracyclin 250 mg 6 hourly for 6 month to 1 year
2. doxycycline 100mg one tablet daily for 3-6 months
3. Erythromycin 250 mg one tablet 6 hourly